Soviet motorcycles for ShKMG, part 30: Voskhod ShK - 4.

RU-MOTO rating

• Reliability
• Chassis
• Appearance
• Comfort

3.5

Verdict

The Voskhod 3m motorcycle can be the first two-wheeled vehicle for a novice biker, because... this unit can be purchased at a very low cost, and if it breaks down, it can be easily repaired even at home. This model is also valuable for collectors.

The Voskhod motorcycle rightfully earned the title of “national” in Soviet times. Its history begins with the release of the K-175 series in 1958 at the Degtyarev plant. All models were equipped with a 175.7 cc single-cylinder power unit. The 3m modification itself was produced from 1983 to 1993.

Prices for the Voskhod 3M motorcycle

The price of a Voskhod 3M motorcycle is formed, first of all, depending on the technical condition, and not on the year of manufacture. Some of the earliest models are of rare value, while more recent motorcycles are purchased for riding.

Sunrise 3M 1983 release.

This 1983 model is in working condition, but requires a large investment to bring it to a state where it can pass technical inspection. Therefore, the price for it is about 10,000 rubles.

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Voskhod 3M 1991 release.

A motorcycle manufactured in 1991 is sold for 12,000 rubles, it is technically sound, all instruments and mechanisms are in working order. This technique also requires investments, primarily related to appearance.

Motorcycle produced in 1993

The representative of the Voskhod 3rd line, produced in 1993, looks quite decent. Almost all the parts and mechanisms are original, the motorcycle is externally in good condition, the operation of the engine and suspension does not raise any questions. For such a sample the buyer will have to pay at least 20,000 rubles. Fortunately, a motorcycle requires virtually no investment.

Sunrise for tourists

The plant in the city of Kovrov began production of the Voskhod-3M-tourist motorcycle. Developed on the basis of the universal model “Voskhod-3M” (“Behind the Wheel”, 1984, No. 3), it is intended primarily for those who love to travel.

For the first time in its practice, the plant prepared a car with the specific interests of a certain circle of buyers in mind. To create a motorcycle with better conditions for multi-day trips, some changes were made to the design, and additional equipment for the machine was developed.

The Voskhod-ZM-tourist is equipped with a sports-type steering wheel, reinforced with a jumper, which gives it higher rigidity, and therefore reliability in difficult road conditions. The steering wheel has a wide range of adjustment: each driver can set it in a position that provides a comfortable fit, and thanks to this will be less tired. The new Voskhod is also equipped with safety arches and two rear-view mirrors.

Experienced tourists know how much trouble it can be to place luggage on a motorcycle. In the new car, we tried to reduce these problems to a minimum by equipping it with luggage racks - two side and rear, as well as bags made of vinyl faux leather. The bags are attached to the side racks with special straps. They can pack everything a tourist needs on a multi-day trip: food supplies, clothes, shoes. The design of the bags allows them to be used outside the motorcycle.

An original tablet bag mounted on the fuel tank. It is intended for small things that should always be at hand. On the front side of the bag there is a pocket covered with a transparent film. Here you can attach a map, route diagram, and other documents. The tank bag adds an additional sporty note to the appearance of the motorcycle: after all, it is an indispensable part of the equipment of machines for multi-day competitions.

Distinctive features of the “Voskhod-3M-tourist” were also new inscriptions on the tank and the lids of tool boxes - stickers made of lavsan film.

It must be said that the interests of travelers are largely taken into account in the design of the basic Voskhod-3M motorcycle: 12-volt electrical equipment with powerful lighting devices and bright direction indicators allows you to move confidently in the dark. The use of an alternator with an electronic voltage stabilizer eliminated the problems that the battery often causes to the traveler on other motorcycles (electrolyte boiling over, undercharging when riding with full lights, etc.). The non-contact ignition system ensures easy starting and stable engine operation and does not require adjustment.

You can expect that the combination of well-proven technical solutions and comfortable equipment will make the new motorcycle popular among tourism enthusiasts. Data on consumer demand will help to more accurately determine the required volume of production.

Y. DANILOV, head of the design bureau of Kovrov L. KHUDYAKOV, head of the design bureau

Specifications

• Dimensions: 2000x1200x850 mm - length, height and width, respectively.
• Weight - 122 kg.
• Engine power - 15 hp.
• Gasoline consumption is 4.2 liters per 100 km in mixed mode, tank volume is 14 liters.
• Gearbox – 4-speed with mechanical gear shifting.
• Ground clearance - 125 mm.
• Maximum speed is 105 km/h.

Electrical diagram

Electrical circuit of the Voskhod 3M motorcycle.

Engine diagram Voskhod 3m

1 – spark plug A23; 2 – cylinder head; 3 – cylinder head gasket; 4 – cylinder; 5 – piston ring; 6 – piston; 7 – piston pin; 8 – needle bearing; 9 – cylinder gasket; 10 – connecting rod; 11 – bearing lubrication channel; 12 – ball bearing; 13 – right crankshaft oil seal; 14 – right main crankshaft journal; 15 – generator; 16 – movable gear of the second gear; 17 – primary shaft with gear; 18 – main gear; 19 – gearbox and clutch housing; 20 – clutch release rod; 21 – pin of the clutch release mechanism; 22 – gearbox oil seal; 23 – reverse gear sprocket; 24 – generator cover; 25 – crankcase (right half); 26 – gear shift shaft; 27 – crankcase (left half); 28 – trigger shaft; 29 – trigger spring; 30 – trigger sector; 31 – trigger gear; 32 – trigger ratchet; 33 – kickstarter shaft oil seal; 34 – kickstarter shaft oil seal cap; 35 – kickstarter lever; 36 – gear shift lever; 37 – clutch disc; 38 – adjusting screw; 39 – internal clutch drum; 40 – leading clutch disc; 41 – outer clutch drum; 42 – left main crankshaft journal; 43 – front drive sprocket; 44 – chain PV-9.525-1300; 45 – clutch cover; 46 – left crankshaft oil seal; 47 – ball bearing; 48 – bearing lubrication channel.

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Engine and possible breakdowns

The Voskhod 3m engine is two-stroke, carburetor, single-cylinder. The working volume of the cylinder is no more than 173.7 cm3. Piston diameter/stroke – 62/57.6 mm. Engine power is 15 hp. A used engine in working condition can be purchased for 2000-4000 rubles.

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The sore point of all Voskhod 3m is the rapid burnout of the bobbins, which have to be changed with constant use of the motorcycle, about 4 times a year. The chain tensioner also requires constant replacement - with aggressive driving it quickly breaks down. As for the engine, all the troubles that can arise with it are associated with the piston. Installing new rings or completely replacing the piston solves most problems.

Model 1991

The magazine has already informed readers about this model of the Degtyarev plant (ZR, 1990, No. 8-9). Unfortunately, serial production of the motorcycle could not be launched in 1990. Only a pilot production batch was produced. And finally, this year the production of this machine began. The head of the motorcycle design bureau of the plant, Yu. GRIGORIEV, talks about the differences between the serial Voskhod-3M-01 and the sample we previously presented.

There are many changes in the design of the machine. First of all, this is a new engine from the promising ZDK-175 model. The ribs on its cylinder and head are designed in a form that is unconventional for us - horizontal on both parts with inserts made of heat-resistant rubber, designed to dampen vibration that occurs in certain modes.

The new look of the engine, the most noticeable component of the car, gave new features to the motorcycle as a whole. But besides this, the design of the motor has also changed. The crankcase now has a low neck to accommodate the cylinder. And the bypass channels are not in the neck, as was before, but in the body of the cylinder. As a result, it was possible to increase the accuracy of the bypass channels - the correctness of their geometric dimensions determines the perfect purging of the cylinder. By the way, now instead of two purge channels there are five. There is only one exit window.

Another innovation is a reed valve on the inlet. It prevents backflow of the working mixture and increases torque in the mid-speed range, improving efficiency. In addition, with the introduction of this valve, it was possible to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases.

The piston design has been changed. The cylinder diameter was increased to 62 mm and began to meet GOST requirements. Let us recall that the piston stroke of the Voskhod-3M was 58 mm. It has now been adjusted to the new diameter (to maintain the traditional displacement of 174 cm3) to 57.6 mm.

In the four-speed gearbox, the third gear ratio has been changed: 1.49 instead of 1.482. In reverse gear, the PV-9 chain has been lengthened by two links compared to the Voskhod-3M (there are 114 of them).

The Voskhod-3M-01 motorcycle is the first stage in the development of a fundamentally new model, ZDK-175, and it already carries some of its components. In particular, this is a front fork with a new design of yokes and a rubber element that reduces steering vibration. Fork travel is 160 mm. The motorcycle has a new sports-type steering wheel with a crossbar, a side support, a decorative headlight fairing molded from ABS plastic. Roll bars have become mandatory. Convenient side racks have appeared.

This year it is planned to produce 80 thousand cars of the 3M-01 model. Its retail price is 1300 rubles.

Tuning

On the Voskhod base you can try yourself as a customizer and build a motorcycle based on it. This is what garage craftsmen sometimes do.

If we are talking about modifying the engine, then as a rule they resort to boring the cylinder, which will slightly increase the volume. It is possible to replace the original piston with a Jupiter piston. Everything else is classic tuning of a two-stroke engine: installation of resonators, reed valves, modification of purge channels.

Conversion of Voskhod into a chopper

An example of tuning a Voskhod 3M motorcycle

Spare parts for Voskhod 3m are quite cheap and easily available. For reference, for example, the cost of a new pair of front shock absorbers costs 1,500 rubles, and a clutch kit costs only 220 rubles. On the used motorcycle market it is easy to find any spare parts at a price several times lower than new ones.

Technical characteristics of the Voskhod 3 M motorcycle

Our domestic motorcycle production is rich in various developments that have seen life.
Among the motorcycles of the Soviet period is the Voskhod 3M motorcycle transport vehicle. At the moment, motorcycles of this brand are recognized as one of the cheapest options in the global motorcycle industry. In principle, the cost is justified by their low demands, both in operation and in repair work. Almost 99% of the parts are subject to replacement, and if you find an approach to them, knowing how to configure the electric ignition system, you can also save on fuel , significantly reducing its consumption.

It is more rational to purchase it for those who want to master riding a two-wheeled motor vehicle, without fear of “killing” it to the point of impossibility, in the process of mastering this science.

The Voskhod 3 M motorcycle is a natural continuation of the previous modification “2 M”, leaving only the engine in its care. The third sunrise is equipped with a larger gasoline tank. The rear shock absorbers have been strengthened thanks to a new version of the intake mechanism.

The brakes, innovative at that time, had a 16-centimeter drum diameter. But the speed limit remained unaccounted for. And yet, this model has been rolling off production lines for a decade. The optics and instrument panel were changed, equipped with an anti-theft device, and the fork shock absorbers were camouflaged in rubber corrugation.

There were folding stops, rear-view mirrors, and a more comfortable saddle. The engine also pleased with its improvements: the intake petal valve reduced gasoline consumption to 4 liters , and increased power to a maximum of 15 horses with a torque of 17 Nm—this was a farewell “gift” from ZiD.

The Voskhod 3M-Tourist and Voskhod 3 M-01 models were added to the characteristics of the Voskhod 3 M, and even later the Owl appeared, which was quite attractive in appearance, but concealed something inherited that remained unchanged. , engine.

Advantages and disadvantages

pros

• Low fuel consumption.
• Low cost.
• Ease of repair and operation.

Minuses

• Poor ergonomics.
• Vibrations and noises.
• Rapid wear of kickstarter splines.
• Motor chain stretch.

The most significant drawback of this motorcycle is the almost complete absence of “live” models. More than 20 years have passed since the last release of 3M, so finding a sample in good technical condition is problematic.

Comparison with analogues

The main competitors of Voskhod can be considered IZ "Planeta-5", Dnepr and Minsk of the same years of production. In terms of speed and power, of course, the Dnepr also wins, but they are less maneuverable and quite heavy. The Minsk motorcycle is inferior in power to the Voskhod (only 2 hp), but Belarusian motorcycles are famous for their reliability and comfort. Therefore, Voskhod 3m cannot be sharply distinguished from a number of its competitors - for some it may seem like an ideal option, while others will prefer Planet or Minsk.

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