What to do if the wipers on a Chevrolet Niva stop working - tips for diagnosing and repairing yourself

How to change wipers on a field

We replace brushes when the quality of glass cleaning deteriorates, approximately once a year - preferably before the start of the autumn-winter period.
The length of both windshield wiper blades is 510 mm (20'). The blades should be washed periodically under the tap with warm water and soap. If the brushes are very dirty or covered with ice, they should be removed and cleaned. To do this, move the lever with the brush away from the glass. Be careful when removing the brushes: the lever under the action of the spring may suddenly drop onto the glass and break it.

. We move the brush from the hook of the lever so that the brush lock comes out of the hook.

Similarly, remove the other windshield wiper blade.

Install the brushes in reverse order.

The tailgate glass wiper blade is 350 mm long.

To replace the brush, remove the lever with the brush from the glass.

. pull it off the tip of the lever.

Install the brush in reverse order.

Car windshield wipers play an important role in the operation of the car. Their main function is to provide the driver with sufficient cleanliness of the glass. If your car's windshield wipers are faulty, this can most likely lead to an accident, the consequences of which can be disastrous.

Nature of the malfunction

In the design of the generator, copper or copper-graphite brushes are used to supply voltage to the collector plates. Accordingly, the force of electromagnetic induction that occurs when current flows through the armature winding depends on the quality of the contact between the brushes and the commutator plates.

Since the armature constantly rotates during operation, abrasion occurs and the length of the brushes decreases (the plates themselves wear out to a much lesser extent). To compensate for wear, the brush holder has springs that press the brushes against the commutator plates. But when wear becomes critical, the spring force is not enough to make good contact, which leads to a drop in the current flowing in the circuit.

The main characteristics of the generator installed by the manufacturer in Niva 21214, 21213, 2121 will be considered using the example of generator type 9412.3701:

• current – ​​80A;
• voltage – 13.2 V,
• rotation is right.

The cost of standard models of electric generators is 5-7 thousand rubles. If the unit breaks down, it is possible to replace its components or completely replace it with the original or analogues. The prices of the most common ones are presented in the table.

The table shows that in the process of replacing a generator on a Niva, you can give preference to a cheaper universal analogue.

Also interesting: Interior heater valve VAZ 2121 Niva 2131

During the operation of any car, unpleasant situations often arise in the form of failure of one or another element. Niva is no exception, and most often the generator suffers.

If the generator seems to be faulty, it is recommended to check its functionality using a multimeter. To do this, you will need to start the engine and check the voltage at the battery terminals. The standard value that a multimeter should read is 13.6 V.

If the readings during measurement are higher, it means that a break or short circuit in the windings has occurred in the structure. The same can be said about the case when the voltage is below the specified number. This procedure is carried out regardless of the engine: injector or carburetor.

Also, if the breakdown is caused by another reason, you can replace the generator itself. Usually, for replacement, they turn to special service stations, but if necessary, the work can be done with your own hands.

Description of design and operation diagram

Niva Chevrolet windshield wipers consist of the following elements:

Niva Chevrolet front wiper device

The trapezoid is one of the most important parts in this mechanism. It serves to transmit movements from the motor to the wipers and controls the synchronization of the movement of the windshield wipers.

Wires are needed to power the wiper motor.

The brushes adhere to the car glass and serve to clean it.

Description of the fuse and relay block diagram

The fuse box can be found inside the car to the left of the steering wheel.
To get to it, you need to remove the cover of the mounting block, which is bolted to the panel. The fuse block consists of 20 fuses, designated by the letter F and a serial number from 1 to 20. There are also relays designated by the letter K and a serial number from 1 to 8.

Relays for windshield wipers

Relay and fuse F9 are responsible for protecting the power circuit of windshield wipers and glass heating systems on a Chevrolet Niva. Relay K2 is responsible for the operation of the front wipers. For rear work - K6.

Location of fuses on vehicles manufactured before 2009.

Location of fuses on vehicles manufactured after 2009

Nuances

When replacing a generator with a Niva 21213, 2121, 21214, a number of subtleties arise, and one of them is the location of the generator unit. It is located at the bottom of the engine compartment.

Actually, this is why problems arise with the operation of the structure: while driving, various contaminants get on the generator, and coolant drips. If you don’t want to constantly change the generator unit, it is recommended to move it upstairs.

To ensure that no problems arise during the operation of the car, it is important to monitor the condition of the car. First of all, it is recommended to regularly inspect the generator.

So, when the “battery” light blinks on the dashboard, if suspicious noises or creaking sounds occur, you should be wary and think that the generator is not working correctly.

Timely inspection will help to avoid unpleasant situations in the form of breakdowns of the constituent elements of the generator, and as a result, failure of entire electrical systems.

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How to replace the windshield wiper trapezoid?

The market price of a trapezoid is approximately one thousand rubles. A trapeze with a motor will cost approximately 2 thousand rubles.

There are 2 types of trapezoids on the Chevrolet Niva. Old modification and new. They are practically no different.

The process of dismantling the windshield wiper trapezium is quite simple. You will need keys for 10-12, an open-end wrench for 13 and a tube key for 8-10.

To remove the trapezoid, you need to remove the plastic cover under the windshield.

Then you need to unscrew the 3 bolts securing the trapezoid to the frame. After this, the trapeze can be removed.

Installation of a new trapezoid is carried out in the reverse order of its dismantling. That is, it must be secured with three bolts, and then a plastic cover must be installed under the glass.

How to replace the rear wiper gear motor?

To dismantle and replace the Niva Chevrolet rear wiper motor, you will need 2 keys: 24 and 10.

Motor replacement process:

Installation of the gear motor is carried out in the reverse order of dismantling.

Video

We recommend watching the video instructions for replacing the front wiper gear motor

As you can see, dismantling and replacing windshield wiper components does not cause any problems. However, before you start replacing parts, it is necessary to conduct a complete diagnosis of the wipers in order to accurately determine the cause of the breakdown and not replace their “live” parts.

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Source

Setting up a windshield wiper for a Niva VAZ-21213 car

Many owners of VAZ Niva-21213 and 21214 cars have encountered a problem when the windshield wipers (windshield wipers) do not work as expected, that is, at a very slow speed. The windshield wiper system operates in two operating modes: continuous and intermittent.

However, on other cars, for example, Moskvich 2141 or VAZ 2108, or on models of modern production, there is a gear motor with three operating speeds: constant slow, intermittent and constant fast.

In our opinion, for VAZ Niva cars versions 21213 and 21214, such a system is a big drawback, since during heavy rain the wipers work with great difficulty.

It was decided to modernize the windshield wiper drive by integrating into it a more powerful and faster gearbox from Moskvich 2141 (usually VAZ version 2108 is equipped with a similar system). After taking measurements in Niva, it turned out that placing the updated gear motor on the standard windshield wiper trapezoid would not be a labor-intensive task.

Installation of wipers on VAZ-21213

The electric windshield wiper motor on Niva VAZ 21213 and 21214 cars has two blades, permanent magnets and one speed. It is equipped with a thermobimetallic fuse to prevent possible overloads. Each of the operating modes of the purifier is activated using a switch under the steering wheel. The intermittent (intermittent) mode operates through a relay version PC 514 (attached with two nuts to the side panel located in the foreground on the left).

The relay is designed to provide from nine to seventeen activations of the electric motor per minute, while the temperature should be from negative 20 to positive fifty degrees, with a power system voltage of ten volts.

When the wipers are activated on a Niva 21214 and 21213, each brush is capable of producing a maximum of four double strokes in continuous mode. The degree of resistance of the electromagnetic winding on the relay is 66 +-2 Ohms, and the winding on the breaker is 23 +-1 Ohms.

When a car owner wants to install wipers on his Niva, he begins to have a large number of questions regarding windshield wiper blades. How often do brushes need to be replaced? Brush, which type is best? And similar ones.

How often do you need to change the blades installed on your windshield wipers? - every owner of a Niva-21213 or Niva-21214 car must decide this question for himself.

It is very important to remember that excellent visibility is the basis for safe travel by car. Therefore, if the current wipers refuse to properly perform their task, then they should be immediately replaced with new copies.

For example, in the city of St. Petersburg, windshield wipers on cars become unusable during the winter months. It is recommended to equip the Niva with new windshield wiper blades twice a year: at the end of the last winter month and in the first summer month.

What kind of windshield wipers are recommended to equip the Niva with? There are two varieties: frameless and framed.

The first type is intended to provide more uniform pressing to the glass surface. If the driver lets his Niva out into the cold, then the frameless windshield wipers will not freeze. At high speeds they will not make much noise.

However, there is one drawback: over time, frameless brushes wear out and begin to scratch the windshield. It’s up to you to decide which brushes to install on the Niva: you can save on quality or buy a first-class, expensive copy.

Dimensions of wiper blades for VAZ 21213-21214 cars

The dimensions of the windshield wiper blades on VAZ 21213-21214 models are absolutely symmetrical, in most cases they are about fifty-one centimeters on all sides. The car owner also has the opportunity to install brushes that will have a different size: on the driver’s side – up to fifty-three centimeters, and on the passenger’s side – up to fifty-one centimeters.

It is worth remembering that when both wipers are supplied, the size of which will be fifty-three centimeters each, a thin stream of water will appear in the middle.

Windshield wipers

The electric windshield wiper motor on Niva VAZ 21213 and 21214 cars has two blades, permanent magnets and one speed. It is equipped with a thermobimetallic fuse to prevent possible overloads. Each of the operating modes of the purifier is activated using a switch under the steering wheel. The intermittent (intermittent) mode operates through a relay version PC 514 (attached with two nuts to the side panel located in the foreground on the left).

The relay is designed to provide from nine to seventeen activations of the electric motor per minute, while the temperature should be from negative 20 to positive fifty degrees, with a power system voltage of ten volts.

When the wipers are activated on a Niva 21214 and 21213, each brush is capable of producing a maximum of four double strokes in continuous mode. The degree of resistance of the electromagnetic winding on the relay is 66 +-2 Ohms, and the winding on the breaker is 23 +-1 Ohms.

Replacing the windshield wiper for Niva 2121, VAZ 2131, Lada 4x4

Disconnect the negative cable of the battery. We remove the windshield wiper to replace the gear motor or deformed parts of the lever drive. To remove the leash...

... use a 10mm wrench to unscrew the nut that secures it. While shaking, we remove the leash.

If the leash is difficult to remove...

...you can use a 17mm wrench, acting as a fork puller.

To remove the Niva 2121 windshield cleaner, remove both leads.

Using a 21 wrench, unscrew the nut securing the lever bushing to the body. We remove the equalizer... . and a rubber gasket.

Similarly, release the bushing of the other lever. In the engine compartment...

...we disconnect the block of the Niva 2131 gear motor. Using a 10-point socket, unscrew the two nuts securing the wiper bracket to the body.

We lower the VAZ 2121 cleaner down to remove the bushings from the body holes, while removing the bracket from the studs...

...and move the windshield wiper assembly to the right side of the car from under the hood lock bracket (for clarity, the air intake box has been removed).

To remove the gearmotor from the windshield wiper bracket...

...using a 10mm wrench, unscrew the nut securing the crank to the gearmotor shaft... ...and, using a screwdriver, remove the crank of the VAZ 2131. Using a 10mm wrench, unscrew the three bolts securing the gearmotor to the bracket... ...and disconnect the bracket and the gearmotor.

We assemble the windshield cleaner Niva 2121 in the reverse order.

Having attached the gearmotor to the bracket, we connect the block of the Niva 2131 gearmotor to the car wiring and turn it on for a short time. We turn off the gearmotor using the steering column switch lever and wait until the gearmotor shaft stops. Now onto the shaft stopped in this position...

...put the crank on so that it is parallel to the lever of the wiper mechanism.

Replacement instructions

• Remove the negative terminal of the battery.
• Disconnect the main positive terminal of the generator, the voltage regulator connector and the negative terminal, if necessary. In some car models, engine speed is read from terminal W on the generator; otherwise, the contact may not be connected or may be absent altogether.
• If the replacement is carried out by removing the generator, loosen the service belt and unscrew the fastening bolts (you can read more about replacing, installing and tensioning the belt in the articles: “What to do if the generator belt whistles” and “Tensioning the generator belt”).
• Unscrew the rear cover mounting bolts.
• Unscrew the voltage regulator relay. If you chose the complete replacement method, all you have to do is install the new part and assemble all the elements in the reverse order. In any case, we recommend that you at least check the generator bearings and the condition of the collector plates. If the wear of the plates is within normal limits, before installing new brushes, clean the surface to a shine with fine-grained sandpaper.

How to change wipers on a field

We replace brushes when the quality of glass cleaning deteriorates, approximately once a year - preferably before the start of the autumn-winter period. The length of both windshield wiper blades is 510 mm (20'). The blades should be washed periodically under the tap with warm water and soap. If the brushes are very dirty or covered with ice, they should be removed and cleaned.

To do this, move the lever with the brush away from the glass. Be careful when removing the brushes: the lever under the action of the spring may suddenly drop onto the glass and break it.

. We move the brush from the hook of the lever so that the brush lock comes out of the hook.

Similarly, remove the other windshield wiper blade.

Install the brushes in reverse order.

The tailgate glass wiper blade is 350 mm long.

To replace the brush, remove the lever with the brush from the glass.

. pull it off the tip of the lever.

Install the brush in reverse order.

Car windshield wipers play an important role in the operation of the car. Their main function is to provide the driver with sufficient cleanliness of the glass. If your car's windshield wipers are faulty, this can most likely lead to an accident, the consequences of which can be disastrous.

Replacement methods

1. Replace the brush assembly with the voltage regulator relay (chocolate). As is known, maintaining charging at the same level is carried out by adjusting the voltage supplied to the generator armature winding. For reliable contact, the brush leads are attached to the contacts of the voltage regulator relay by soldering. To simplify car repairs, brushes, brush holder and relay regulator are most often sold assembled. The advantage of the complete replacement method is its simplicity. For example, the low cost of the assembly for many VAZ cars makes separate replacement of brushes very impractical.
2. Replace brushes separately. To do this, you will have to remove the old brushes and solder new copper-graphite products in their place (of course, for DIY repairs you will need a soldering iron, flux, solder and basic soldering skills). As in the case of complete replacement, the feasibility of the method largely depends on the cost of new rods. The point is not only the high price of parts for generators of many foreign cars, but also the fact that for some models (especially for old low-volume cars) it is simply impossible to buy a relay-regulator with brushes assembled. It is proposed to eliminate charging problems by purchasing a new generator. In this case, replacing worn-out elements is the only way to save a considerable amount. If you want to change the generator brushes yourself, you may encounter a lack of new parts for sale for your generator model. In this case, you should select suitable copper-graphite brushes from another car. For proper operation, the length of the rods is important (should not be less than that of new or slightly worn original rods) and the length of the copper flexible contact. New brushes should move freely in the brush holder. In fact, the shape of the new rods does not really matter, since they can be processed perfectly with a needle file.

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Description of design and operation diagram

Niva Chevrolet windshield wipers consist of the following elements:

Niva Chevrolet front wiper device

The trapezoid is one of the most important parts in this mechanism. It serves to transmit movements from the motor to the wipers and controls the synchronization of the movement of the windshield wipers.

Wires are needed to power the wiper motor.

The brushes adhere to the car glass and serve to clean it.

How Niva wipers work

The trapezoid works on the principle of transmitting movements from the motor directly to the wipers themselves. Also, the function of the Niva trapezoid is to carefully check the correct synchronized movement of the wipers and high-quality cleaning of the glass from various interferences with visual observation of the road. The trapezoid consists of small-sized elements: a motor, a rod, a hinge and its body itself.

See the video below about how the trapeze works on the Niva.

The parts for connecting the trapezoid are most often made of a special material with properties similar to plastic. Thanks to this, the components of the windshield wiper are not subject to overheating and rubbing, which is the key to long-term operation of the entire windshield wiper mechanism. All metal surfaces are coated with a special substance that protects them from corrosion.

Also interesting: Fuses and relays (location and purpose of fuses and relays) Niva Chevrolet

Description of the fuse and relay block diagram

The fuse box can be found inside the car to the left of the steering wheel.
To get to it, you need to remove the cover of the mounting block, which is bolted to the panel. The fuse block consists of 20 fuses, designated by the letter F and a serial number from 1 to 20. There are also relays designated by the letter K and a serial number from 1 to 8.

Relays for windshield wipers

Relay and fuse F9 are responsible for protecting the power circuit of windshield wipers and glass heating systems on a Chevrolet Niva. Relay K2 is responsible for the operation of the front wipers. For rear work - K6.

Location of fuses on vehicles manufactured before 2009.

Location of fuses on vehicles manufactured after 2009

How to replace the windshield wiper trapezoid?

The market price of a trapezoid is approximately one thousand rubles. A trapeze with a motor will cost approximately 2 thousand rubles.

There are 2 types of trapezoids on the Chevrolet Niva. Old modification and new. They are practically no different.

The process of dismantling the windshield wiper trapezium is quite simple. You will need keys for 10-12, an open-end wrench for 13 and a tube key for 8-10.

To remove the trapezoid, you need to remove the plastic cover under the windshield.

Then you need to unscrew the 3 bolts securing the trapezoid to the frame. After this, the trapeze can be removed.

Installation of a new trapezoid is carried out in the reverse order of its dismantling. That is, it must be secured with three bolts, and then a plastic cover must be installed under the glass.

Replacing the old Niva trapezoid with a new one

To remove the old Niva windshield wiper trapezoid, you need to remove the plastic apron under the windshield. You will need a 10-12 socket wrench and an 8-10 tube wrench. Also take a 13mm spanner.

Dismantling is quick and hassle-free; you only need to unscrew three bolts and the Niva trapezoid will be in your hands.

You can buy a new trapeze for about 1000 rubles. without a motor and for 2000 rubles. with a motor.

The Chevrolet Niva trapeze comes in two modifications - old and new, they are not particularly different.

The original part number of the Niva Chevrolet windshield wiper trapezoid is 2123-304518.011 . A compatible analogue is sold under number 21230-5205010 .

To remove the wiper motor you will have to unscrew 3 screws with 10mm heads.

Reinstalling the trapezoid on the Niva usually goes without problems. True, sometimes, due to assembly errors, you literally have to use force to insert the fasteners into the right places.

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How to replace the rear wiper gear motor?

To dismantle and replace the Niva Chevrolet rear wiper motor, you will need 2 keys: 24 and 10.

Motor replacement process:

Installation of the gear motor is carried out in the reverse order of dismantling.

Video

We recommend watching the video instructions for replacing the front wiper gear motor

As you can see, dismantling and replacing windshield wiper components does not cause any problems. However, before you start replacing parts, it is necessary to conduct a complete diagnosis of the wipers in order to accurately determine the cause of the breakdown and not replace their “live” parts.

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Source

NIVA wipers and washer nozzles

Modification of wipers and washer nozzles in Niva

You're driving like you're in a tank

First of all, I bought fan nozzles.

Instead of the old inkjet ones, which were frankly annoying with their disgusting quality. One injector simply fell into pieces, and I drove half the road with the glass half covered in dirt. True, you can’t put these fan-shaped injectors in the standard places, but it doesn’t matter, I now have the “correct” nostril on the hood, into which it would now be a sin not to install the “correct” injectors, which is what I did.

the hose was hidden in the hood amplifier

Nostril with nozzles on the hood.

Now the washer sprays onto the glass as it should.

All that remains is for the wipers, I installed Bosch wipers 41 cm long,

People use longer ones, but for me, after 33 cm, these were enough.

And most importantly, they don’t hurt anything.

Installing a windshield wiper breaker for NIVA

The installation process is as simple as shelling pears, I’ll describe it in two photos.

Remove the instrument panel by unscrewing the 2 screws from below.

We connect our relay into the gap of the 6-pin wiper connector, and connect the free white wire using a connector to the pink wire of the two-pin connector

We put the instrument panel in place, the installation is complete. What do we have? 1. Now, when water is applied to the glass, the wipers automatically make three strokes; 2. You can adjust the pause in the intermittent operation of the wipers.

Choosing a new Niva Chevrolet trapezoid

If you are planning to change the trapezoid, then you should select a replacement with special care. It is best to purchase a trapezoid from the same company as it was, since different manufacturers may have trapezoids attached differently or may be completely different in size.

Before you begin repairing Niva windshield wipers, be sure to turn off the electrical current. Next, proceed to removing the old trapezoid. You will need to remove the wiper blades, while unfastening their fasteners. Next you need to remove the wiper guides. They will hold on very tightly and if you cannot remove them with ordinary screwdrivers and wrenches, you will have to do this by lightly tapping with a hammer. Then we remove the motor and remove the trapezoid itself.

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