To drive a vehicle, you must obtain a license. They are divided into several categories. Standard A, B, C and D are familiar to most car owners. However, in 2013 it was decided to introduce category M.
Category M on a driver's license gives the right to drive a moped and ATV. The limit is set by engine volume (less than 50 cubic meters). However, the innovation raised a number of questions. In particular, motorists do not understand when it is necessary to obtain such a certificate.
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Category M rights - what is it?
The list of categories of rights in force in the Russian Federation is enshrined in Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196 of December 10, 1995 “On Road Safety”. Previously, moped owners could drive without a license. However, the constant violation of traffic rules and numerous accidents that occurred due to the fault of persons who did not receive permission to drive demonstrated the need to tighten the legislation.
Budget motorcycles are inexpensive. The lack of requirement to obtain a driver's license has led to a large number of inexperienced people driving mopeds and scooters. By driving along the highway, vehicle owners endangered their lives and the safety of other road users.
Innovations have led to stricter control over traffic safety. As a result of adding category M to the driver's license, the lives and health of a large number of people were saved. Today, owners of even small mopeds must obtain a driver's license with category M. A representative of the State Traffic Inspectorate has the right to stop a citizen and check the license.
A category M license allows you to legally drive motor vehicles with an engine capacity of up to 50 cubic meters. However, if a person has a different category of certificate, he will not have to undergo separate training. In this situation, category M is considered open by default.
What does category M mean?
Since 2021, there has been a law introducing a new category that allows you to drive the corresponding types of vehicles. It did not exist before, and now it has received the designation M. But not everyone yet knows what this category opens and why to put such a mark on the license.
But the majority supports the new category. This is an adequate and, in many ways, long-awaited solution, since the emergence of new rights will somewhat reduce the level of accidents on the roads. It is necessary to study in more detail the information provided in the new traffic safety law.
The innovation applies to low-power two- and three-wheeled vehicles whose engine capacity does not exceed 50 cubic centimeters. Scooters and mopeds fall under this category, including models of small dimensions, but with specified power ratings.
This innovation was expected and, in many ways, correct. Very often accidents and traffic accidents occur on Russian roads; the direct participants, and often the culprits, are minors driving vehicles that previously did not require permission to drive. Therefore, anyone, even without experience and knowledge of at least a theory about safety rules, could get behind the wheel and drive onto public roads.
The new category means that you can now drive a moped or scooter only if you first obtain a full driver’s license, which can be issued from the age of 16. To begin with, the driver needs to undergo theoretical training, then pass practical exams, successfully pass a medical examination and confirm the acquired skills by passing an exam directly at the traffic police.
Everyone who receives an M license becomes full-fledged and full-fledged road users. This means that they not only receive the corresponding rights and privileges, but also bear responsibility for the offenses committed. The law applies to them to the fullest extent possible, without any exceptions.
Also, in order to obtain the right to drive vehicles included in the concept of category M, they are required to take out insurance under the MTPL system.
It is important to understand that M only applies to low-power vehicles such as mopeds and scooters with an engine capacity of no more than 50 cubic centimeters. If the volume is from 51 to 125 cubic centimeters, then another category will be opened. Namely A1, which applies to motorcycles.
Some are confident that when passing exams for more complex categories than M, it will be added to your license automatically. It is enough just to write a corresponding application. This scheme was in effect before, but has now been cancelled.
Even if you have a license marked B or A1, the driver will still have to pass a theory and practice exam in order to additionally be able to drive a moped or scooter. Only after successfully passing the exams is an application written to the traffic police and the license is renewed. But there is an exception. If less than 3 months have passed since passing the previous category, the applicant has the right to present the results of the previous theory test, as well as a previously issued medical certificate.
Vehicle categories
M is considered the initial and simplest category, but it also requires knowledge of theory and successful completion of practical tests. Such rights can be obtained from the age of 16. Same as with mark A1. But the next category A in the hierarchy for motorcycles (more than 125 cubic centimeters) is received only at 18 years of age and older.
Regarding the new category of rights with the designation M in the driver’s license, you can add the following:
- To undergo training at a driving school and then take exams at the traffic police, permission from parents or persons who replace them is not required.
- A future driver has the right to begin training at age 15. But provided that by the time he completes his studies he will already be 16.
- M has the lowest tuition rates. On average, the price ranges from 2 to 5 thousand rubles. But there are also more expensive courses.
- There is a state fee for issuing a driver's document. Its size is 2 thousand rubles on a laminated card.
- To obtain the license on the form you will need to pay 500 rubles.
- Training lasts from 1 to 3 months, including theory and practice.
- Once issued, a medical certificate is considered valid for 2 years.
All these nuances are important to know for those who plan to get their first driver’s license and have permission to drive a moped or scooter with a limited engine capacity of category M.
What vehicles can be driven with category M?
Having received a category M license, a person becomes a full-fledged participant in traffic. All norms of current legislation apply in its respect. However, there is no need to apply for compulsory motor liability insurance for category M vehicles. Article 4 of Federal Law No. 40 states that the obligation to insurance does not apply to vehicles to which the legislation on the admission of vehicles to participation in road traffic does not apply.
It follows from Article 15 of the Federal Law “On Road Traffic Safety” that if a car does not require registration, the rules on admission do not apply to it. Paragraph 1 of Order N399 of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia states that it is not necessary to carry out the above procedure in relation to vehicles with an engine capacity of less than 50 cubic meters. It turns out that you do not need to purchase compulsory motor insurance.
Category M license in accordance with Article 25 of Federal Law N196 allows you to drive the following vehicles:
- light quadricycles;
- mopeds;
- scooters.
Engine volume should not exceed 50 cubic centimeters. If the indicator is higher, you will need to obtain a category A license.
If the vehicle owned by a citizen fits the above description, you will need to acquire a category M license to drive.
How long ago did category M appear?
In 2013. Previously, anyone could ride a light two-wheeled vehicle in any way they wanted. That is, behind the wheel of a moped or scooter could be either a child who decided to make it easier for himself to get to the nearest store, or an adult who could be intoxicated. Also, a person who was completely unfamiliar with the rules of driving could sit in the driver’s seat. You can easily guess what this led to: accidents with light two-wheeled vehicles were not uncommon. And the traffic police officers could not impose penalties on the violators. This state of affairs did not suit anyone, which is why the new category was successfully established at the legislative level.
Category M rights with category B
In accordance with Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196, a person who has received category B has the right to drive cars whose weight reaches 3.5 tons. In this case, there cannot be more than 8 passenger seats in the car. If a person has received the above category, he has the right to drive a scooter without additionally opening category M. This rule is reflected in paragraph 7 of Article 25 of Federal Law No. 196 of December 10, 1995.
Category M does not always automatically open if you have category B and higher. Individuals may have contraindications to driving vehicles of this type. In this case, during the medical examination, a corresponding mark is made.
Category of driving license
As for passenger cars, the changes here are minimal. Category B, as before, allows you to drive a car - one that weighs up to 3.5 tons and has no more than 8 seats in the cabin. It is advisable for beginners to practice their driving skills in a used car. There are different situations on the road, and in this case a used car is the best option. But 70% of used cars are sold with problems: fines, liens, accidents, leasing, etc. Therefore, before purchasing, it is recommended to check the car’s history .
Category B has been supplemented by B1 - driving a tricycle and category E - trailer, but in 2021 these two categories, if you learn them, “stick together” together. Thus, the driver of a car with a trailer must have a category BE license.
Those who have a driver's license and drive know that the table of driver's license categories, outlined on the back of the card, is much wider.
In total, in 2021, a driver’s license in Russia has 16 available categories, some of which cannot be called completely “civilian” and are available only to cadets studying to drive public transport.
The category of “cars,” only heavier ones, also includes trucks and buses. If previously there were only two categories for them - C and D, now they have also been “fragmented”. Trucks from 3.5 tons were in category C, cars from 3.5 to 7.5 tons were in C1 - medium trucks, and CE and C1E were also placed in a separate category - the same thing, only with a trailer.
Important note and difference: open category C does not allow driving small trucks up to 3.5 tons and cars.
Also read: State duty for obtaining a driver's license
The difference between category M and A
In addition to category M, you can get A and A1 rights. The difference between category M and A; A1 follows from the provisions of Articles 25-26 of Federal Law No. 196. The main difference is the engine size. The person will be required to obtain a driver's license of the following category:
- M. If you will be driving light quadricycles and mopeds whose engine capacity does not exceed 50 cubic meters. Persons over 16 years of age can obtain a license.
- A1. Provides access to control light motorcycles with an engine capacity of up to 125 cc. Persons aged 16 years are allowed to drive.
- A. Applies to classic motorcycles. They can be equipped with a side stroller. Vehicles are available for driving after reaching 18 years of age.
The new category M driver's license has filled an empty niche that was previously not regulated in any way. The need to carry out the process arose due to technological progress and the improvement of modern motor vehicles. Now, when going out on the road, moped owners are required to comply with all required norms of current legislation.
Categories of rights
A driver's license category designates a group of vehicles that a driver's license holder can drive.
There are 6 main categories: A - motorcycles, B - cars, C - trucks, D - buses, M - mopeds, 4 subcategories: A1, B1, C1, D1, and special categories for driving vehicles with a trailer BE, CE, DE, C1E, D1E.
For example, a category B driver's license allows you to drive only passenger cars and does not allow you to drive a minibus or bus (these vehicles require a category D driver's license).
This article will discuss the categories and subcategories of driver's licenses , as well as the features of their use when driving vehicles.
| Category or subcategory | Vehicle type |
| A | Motorcycles |
| A1 | Light motorcycles |
| IN | Cars |
| BE | Passenger cars with trailer |
| IN 1 | Tricycles |
| WITH | Trucks |
| SE | Trucks with trailer |
| C1 | Light trucks |
| C1E | Light trucks with trailer |
| D | Buses |
| DE | Buses with trailer |
| D1 | Small buses |
| D1E | Small buses with trailer |
| M | Mopeds |
| Tm | Trams |
| Tb | Trolleybuses |
Driving license category A
1. In the Russian Federation, the following categories and their subcategories of vehicles are established, for which a special right to drive is granted (hereinafter referred to as the right to drive vehicles):
Category "A" - motorcycles;
A category A driver's license allows you to drive any motorcycle, including motorcycles with a sidecar.
In addition, a category A driver's license allows you to drive motorized wheelchairs, which are currently extremely difficult to find on the roads.
Let me remind you that, in accordance with the traffic rules, motorcycles include two-wheeled vehicles with or without a side trailer. In addition, category A allows you to drive three-wheeled and four-wheeled vehicles that, when loaded, weigh no more than 400 kg.
Driver's license subcategory A1
Subcategory “A1” - motorcycles with an internal combustion engine displacement not exceeding 125 cubic centimeters and a maximum power not exceeding 11 kilowatts;
Subcategory A1 allows you to drive motorcycles with small engines and low maximum power.
I note that drivers with a category A license can also drive vehicles of subcategory A1.
Driving license category B
Category “B” - cars (except for vehicles of category “A”), the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 3,500 kilograms and the number of seats, in addition to the driver’s seat, does not exceed eight; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms; cars of category “B” coupled with a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 3500 kilograms;
A category B driver's license allows you to drive passenger cars, as well as small trucks, minibuses and jeeps that meet the above requirements. Also, category B allows you to drive motorized wheelchairs and cars with a trailer (the maximum permitted weight of which is not more than 750 kg).
If the permitted maximum weight of the trailer exceeds 750 kilograms, then additional requirements are imposed on the composition of the vehicles:
1. The permissible maximum weight of the trailer must not exceed the unladen weight of the vehicle.
2. The total permissible maximum weight of the vehicle and trailer must not exceed 3.5 tons.
To drive a category B vehicle with a heavy trailer, the driver will need category BE:
Category “BE” - vehicles of category “B” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms and exceeds the weight of the vehicle without load; cars of category “B” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles exceeds 3500 kilograms;
Driving license subcategory B1
subcategory “B1” - tricycles and quadricycles;
There is currently no detailed information available for category B1 vehicles. I just want to note that “quadcycle” and “quadcycle” are not the same thing. Therefore, a regular ATV driver's license will not work.
Driving license category C
Category “C” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms; cars of category “C” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;
A category C driver's license allows you to drive only heavy (more than 3500 kg) trucks, as well as trucks with a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kg.
Please note that category C does not give the right to drive light (less than 3500 kg) trucks and cars.
To drive a category C car with a heavy (over 750 kg) trailer, the driver will need an additional CE category:
category "CE" - cars of category "C" coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight exceeds 750 kilograms;
Driving license subcategory C1
Subcategory “C1” - cars, with the exception of cars of category “D”, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 3500 kilograms, but does not exceed 7500 kilograms; cars of subcategory “C1”, coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;
Subcategory C1 includes light trucks whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 7.5 tons. This subcategory also allows you to transport a light trailer (up to 750 kg).
Drivers with main category C can also drive vehicles of subcategory C1.
Subcategory "C1E" - cars of subcategory "C1" coupled to a trailer, maximum permitted
Driving license category D
Category "D" - cars designed for the carriage of passengers and having more than eight seats in addition to the driver's seat; cars of category “D” coupled to a trailer whose maximum permitted weight does not exceed 750 kilograms;
A category D driver's license allows you to drive buses of various sizes, regardless of their permissible maximum weight, as well as buses with a trailer whose maximum permissible weight does not exceed 750 kg. Heavier trailers also require a DE driving license.
Category “DE” - vehicles of category “D” coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms; articulated buses;
Subcategory D1
Subcategory “D1” - cars intended for the transport of passengers and having more than eight, but not more than sixteen seats, in addition to the driver’s seat; cars of subcategory “D1”, coupled to a trailer, the permissible maximum weight of which does not exceed 750 kilograms;
Subcategory D1 allows the driver to drive small buses with 9 to 16 seats. This category also allows the use of a light trailer weighing up to 750 kg.
For heavier trailers, the driver will need category D1E:
Subcategory "D1E" - cars of subcategory "D1", coupled to a trailer that is not intended for the carriage of passengers, the permissible maximum weight of which exceeds 750 kilograms, but does not exceed the weight of the vehicle without load, provided that the total permissible maximum weight of such a combination of vehicles does not exceed 12,000 kilograms.
Please note that the trailer, firstly, should not be designed to transport passengers, and secondly, the total permissible maximum weight of the bus and trailer should not exceed 12 tons.
I note that drivers with category D can drive buses of category D1, and drivers with category DE can drive buses with a trailer of category D1E.
Category E
Currently, category E has disappeared from driver's licenses. It was replaced by the categories BE, CE, C1E, DE, D1E presented above.
Category M
Category “M” - mopeds and light quadricycles;
The new category M, introduced on November 5, 2013, allows you to drive mopeds and light quadricycles.
Drivers who do not have category M, but have any other category of driver's license, can also drive vehicles of category M.
Please note that the tractor driver's license does not allow you to drive mopeds.
Categories Tb and Tm
Category "Tm" - trams;
Category “Tb” - trolleybuses;
In 2015, special categories of driver's licenses are required to operate trams and trolleybuses.
Let me remind you that previously trolleybuses and trams were not allocated to separate categories of rights. Information about driving these vehicles was entered in the “special notes” column of the driver’s license.
Requirements for obtaining category M
The requirements that persons wishing to obtain category M licenses must meet are reflected in Article 26 of Federal Law No. 196 of December 10, 1995 “On Road Safety”. The regulatory legal act states that persons who have reached the age of sixteen and have received an appropriate medical certificate stating that there are no contraindications to driving motor vehicles are allowed to take the exams.
Additionally, you need to undergo vocational training. The program is available in driving schools. A person will be allowed to take exams in 1-2.5 months - this is how long training for category M lasts.
Normative base
The need to obtain a license to drive a moped and scooter arose in the Russian Federation on November 5, 2013. On this day, amendments were made to Federal Law No. 196. It is recommended to pay special attention to the following articles:
- Article 25. Basic provisions regarding admission to driving vehicles.
- Article 26. Defines the basic conditions for obtaining rights.
- Article 28. Grounds for termination or suspension of the right to drive a car.
The new category was designated by the letter M. If a person does not comply with the order and drives a moped or scooter without a license, he will be held accountable. Punishment for driving without a driver's license is imposed in accordance with Article 12.29 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation. The person will have to pay a fine to the traffic police.
Designation
The recently introduced "M" category allows you to drive 2-wheeled vehicles. And this opportunity is provided automatically. If there is any open category in the directory, you can easily add a new one.
Many car enthusiasts were pleased with this news. After all, in this case you don’t need to make any special efforts: spend time passing exams at the traffic police, take training in riding a moped or scooter, pay for courses. Therefore, obtaining a new category does not present any difficulties.
Cost of training for license category M
Tuition fees can vary significantly depending on a number of factors. The price includes theory and practice, as well as subsequent support at the traffic police. A person has the right to receive additional hours of training. Three main price categories:
- 7000-10000 rub. Allows the driver to receive only theoretical training. The duration of the course varies from 1 to 2 months. All additional services are paid separately.
- 16000-26000 rub. The student will be able to receive theoretical and practical training. Additional services are not included in the price. The duration of the course is 1.5-3 months.
- 24000-30000 rub. This is the price for extended training for category M. Practical and theoretical courses are provided. The school has its own exam. They help a person prepare for certification in the traffic police. They accompany you until you get your license. The need to pay state fees and a medical commission disappears.
Cost may vary depending on region. You can find out the exact price by contacting the educational institution directly.
Required documents to obtain category M
Article 26 of the Road Safety Law states that only students who:
- have reached a certain age;
- completed vocational training;
- have no contraindications for health reasons.
All the above facts must be confirmed. Therefore, a person is obliged to provide documentation at the stage of admission to a driving school. Citizens who have reached the age of 16 can obtain a license to drive light motorcycles. To enroll in a driving school you will need:
- completed application;
- copy of TIN;
- copy of ID;
- medical certificate;
- photos.
If a minor wants to undergo training, he must provide permission from his parents. A copy of the ID must contain pages one and two, as well as a registration sheet. Color photographs are required. The corners in the image are not needed. It is recommended to take matte photographs. The application is completed manually. It is provided directly at the institution.
After completing the training, you will have to submit papers to pass the exam at the traffic police. You will need:
- a document confirming payment of the state duty;
- completed application;
- medical certificate;
- driving school certificate.
How to get category M?
Having decided to obtain a category M license, a citizen must make sure that he meets the requirements. If the applicant satisfies them, you can proceed directly to the implementation of your plans. To do this you need:
- Select a driving school that offers the appropriate program and submit an application.
- Wait for enrollment in the course, pay for tuition and complete theoretical and practical classes.
- Pass the internal exam and provide the necessary documentation package to the traffic police. You will need to undergo a medical examination.
- A representative of the authorized body will set the day of the exam. It is necessary to visit the venue without delay and complete the assigned tasks. Usually the exam consists of theory and practice.
- Find out the final result. If it is positive, the citizen will be granted rights.
How to get a?
Not everyone can even get a license to drive a type of transport such as a moped. That is, the following persons will be able to get behind the wheel of a scooter:
- Those who have reached the age of 16;
- Those who have passed the medical test;
- Have completed training in a driving school;
- Passed theoretical and practical exams in the traffic police.
To complete the appropriate training course for minor citizens, there is one prerequisite. They can study at a driving school only with the permission of their parents. In addition, in order to enter it, you must pass a medical commission. The theory is usually studied over the course of several weeks. During this time, driving schools teach traffic rules, vehicle design, and first aid rules. The next stage is driving, not only in a closed area, but also in the city. In conclusion, you must pass internal and external exams - at the driving school itself or at the traffic police. They also consist of two stages - theory and practice.
After you have passed all the exams, you need to contact your local traffic police. To obtain a category M license you will need the following package of documents:
- Passport;
- Certificate of medical examination;
- Application for admission to a driving school;
- Certificate of registration at the place of residence;
- Receipt for payment of state duty.
After you submit all of the above documents, the traffic police officer must set the exact date and location of the exam. The theoretical part of the test is a certain list of questions on the computer, to which you need to give as many correct answers as possible. Then the students pass a practical exam - they demonstrate their vehicle driving skills on a special race track. You can come back for a retake no earlier than 7 days later. Once you pass all the tests, you can get your driver's license at the same department of the State Traffic Inspectorate. It is valid for 10 years from the date of receipt.
Motorcycle owners who already have a license of any other category do not need to undergo training for category M. For example, if you already have a “B” or “C” driver’s license, you can, if necessary, present it to traffic police inspectors while driving a moped or scooter.
Theoretical exam in the traffic police
Applicants for category M licenses must pass a theoretical and practical exam. They are carried out only if there is a medical certificate confirming the presence of permission to operate a high-risk vehicle. During the theoretical exam at the traffic police the following is checked:
- knowledge of traffic rules;
- mastering the provisions relating to the admission of a vehicle to operation;
- understanding of possible liability for non-compliance with traffic rules;
- knowledge of first aid.
The theoretical exam is conducted in the form of testing. You have 20 minutes to answer. One ticket contains 20 questions. The examinee is given several answer options. He must choose the right one. When the specified period of time is completed, the exam ends. When the submission is completed, the result will be displayed on the computer screen. If the correct answers are given to at least 18 questions, the person is considered to have passed the exam.
Practical exam for category M
Then a practical exam is conducted at the traffic police to obtain category M. During it, the ability to move away, maneuver, and use rear-view mirrors is assessed. Other knowledge that a person must have to use a vehicle is also checked. The whole set of exercises consists of 3 parts. If a person has completed all of them, he is considered to have passed the exam. Persons who have not completed the exercises are sent to retake.
The test does not involve driving in the city. The test is taken after a person has completed training at a licensed driving school. Self-preparation is unacceptable. A category M driver's license is issued only after a person has successfully passed all tests.
What do category M licenses look like?
Information on the rights is contained on 2 sides. The front page contains information about the driver. On the back is a decoding of the category of the new type of certificate. Here are the types of vehicles that can be driven.
The upper part of the front side of the document contains the name of the document, as well as information about the territory of which entity it was provided. On the left side there is a photograph. It must be colored. The shooting is carried out without a headdress or glasses. The photo size is 3 by 4. If the driver has vision problems, photographs may be taken with glasses. However, they must not have tinted windows. Photography with a headdress is permissible if the person wears it for religious reasons.
There is a painting under the photo. It must match the details in the passport. On the right is your full name and date of birth. Information is entered in Russian. Dubbed in English. On the right side there is information about the institution that issued the certificate. Then the series and number are recorded. Additionally, the region of residence is reflected. Below are the categories assigned to the driver; category M is also indicated here.
A barcode is recorded on the back side on the left side of the document. It encodes information about the citizen. The rest of the space is taken up by a table with categories. Additionally, the validity period of the category is specified. It is permissible to enter additional information below the table. Usually, the citizen’s driving experience is recorded in this place.
Nuances
It is necessary to undergo a medical examination before a person goes to study at a driving school for category M. The doctor has the right to restrict the person in certain actions or refuse to issue a license due to medical indications. As a result, there is a risk of wasting money. The average cost of an examination is about 2,000-2,500 rubles.
When going out on the road, a person must follow the rules of riding a moped. They are reflected in the traffic rules of the Russian Federation. It is strictly forbidden to drive while intoxicated. Moped drivers are required to move on the right edge of the roadway or bicycle path. It is necessary to avoid trolleybuses and trams.
It is strictly forbidden to hold the steering wheel with one hand, cross the road at pedestrian crossings, transport children without special devices, and also take part in towing. Transporting large protruding objects is also prohibited.
What is acceptable to drive?
If you read the rules for replacing and obtaining new driving licenses, you can see a comment regarding the “M” category. It says that mopeds and light ATVs are allowed. Upon closer examination of the definition, you can understand how many cubic meters a vehicle with an engine fits into it. The maximum permissible volume is 50 “cubes”, and the maximum power is 4 kW. There are also speed limits - no more than 50 km/h.
These are the conditions specified in the traffic rules. The characteristics listed above are found in:
- mopeds;
- scooters;
- minibikes;
- light models of ATVs.
In the absence of “crusts” with an open category “M”, driving these vehicles is prohibited.
