What does P0301 mean?
In most cars the engine has 4-6 cylinders. A spark plug fires sequentially in each cylinder, igniting the fuel mixture. Energy is then released from the fuel to drive the crankshaft, which must rotate smoothly as the vehicle moves.
All cylinders work together to ensure continuous rotation of the crankshaft. If a cylinder misfires, it will cause the crankshaft speed (RPM) to increase or decrease.
If the crankshaft speed increases or decreases by 2 percent or more, P0301 will remain in the PCM (automatic transmission control module) memory.
If the RPM increases or decreases by 2 to 10 percent, the Check Engine Light will illuminate on your vehicle's dashboard. If the deviation percentage exceeds 10 percent, the Check Engine light will flash, indicating a more serious problem is present.
Trouble code P0301 indicates that cylinder 1 is misfiring.
What are these errors?
Codes p0300, p0301 and p0302 indicate failures in the ignition sequence. Their characteristic stands for “random multiple misses in cylinders.” If you use a special device for engine diagnostics, it will display the phrase “Random cylinder misfire detection system.”
Why is an ignition failure dangerous for a car? This question can only be answered after a brief examination of the operation of the engine as a whole. After starting, the engine operates in four-stroke mode:
- Inlet of the air-fuel mixture.
- Fuel compression.
- Ignition (directly at this stage the working stroke occurs).
- Exhaust gas release.
Accordingly, if there is no ignition in at least one engine cylinder, then the engine begins to “triple”, and the control unit records the omission of one of the mandatory cycles of the power unit. Ignition is the process of igniting the air-fuel mixture, and if the mixture does not ignite, then the cylinder has no power stroke. That is, one of the engine cylinders accelerates much more slowly than the others, which disrupts the entire ignition order as a whole.
In this regard, when the ECU detects such a failure, it immediately sends a signal to the dashboard in the form of error p0300: the yellow “Check Engine” light comes on.
It should be noted that immediately after skipping one of the cylinder operation cycles, the level of toxin concentration in the exhaust gas system increases. And the superheated exhaust gases in the pipe quickly heat up the catalyst unit, which can cause it to undergo deformation (the honeycombs melt at temperatures above 800 degrees Celsius).
Driving a car with multiple misfires is comparable only to walking on one leg. Sooner or later the motor will no longer cope with the load and will fail. Therefore, car owners are strongly recommended to immediately take the necessary measures when an error is displayed.
Causes of error P0301
- Worn or damaged cylinder 1 spark plug
- Lack of compression in cylinder 1
- Worn or damaged spark plug wires and/or ignition coils
- Damage to the distributor cap (if equipped)
- Worn or damaged ignition distributor runner (if equipped)
- Fuel injector damage
- Clogged pipes or valve of the exhaust gas recirculation system
- Valves burning
- Incorrect ignition timing setting
- Vacuum leak
- Low level or low fuel pressure
- Damage to the cylinder head gasket
- Distributor cap wear
- Camshaft position sensor malfunction
- Malfunction of the crankshaft position sensor
- Air flow sensor malfunction
- Oxygen sensor malfunction
- Throttle Position Sensor Malfunction
- Malfunction of the catalytic converter
- PCM malfunction
Errors p0300, p0301, p0302: failure in the ignition system for the car
Misfire is a real problem for motorists. The car begins to jerk and stall, the engine does not start in unfavorable conditions (for example, in the cold), while driving, characteristic loud pops are heard from the exhaust pipe. This happens because the combustible mixture accumulates in the idle cylinder, but there is no normal outlet for it. The loss of power is noticeable, at least 25%.
How does a mechanic diagnose a P0301 code?
When diagnosing this error code, a mechanic will do the following:
- Reads all data and error codes stored in the PCM memory using an OBD-II scanner
- Clear error codes from the PCM memory and test drive the vehicle to see if P0301 appears again
- Check the cylinder 1 spark plug wire for wear and damage.
- Check the cylinder 1 spark plug for wear and damage.
- Check the ignition coil for wear and damage
- Check the ignition coil wire for wear and damage.
- If necessary, replace spark plugs, ignition coils, and related wires
- If P0301 appears again after replacing the above components, check the fuel injector and related wires for damage.
- Check the ignition distributor cap and slider (if equipped) for corrosion and damage
- If there are other error codes stored in PCM memory along with P0301, it will clear all present errors.
- Test drive the vehicle to see if P0301 appears again
- If P0301 appears again, check compression in cylinder 1
- If P0301 persists, the problem may be a faulty PCM. In this case, the module may need to be replaced or reprogrammed.
Common errors when diagnosing code P0301
The most common mistake when diagnosing a P0301 code is to replace the spark plugs, ignition coils, and related wires when the problem is damaged fuel injector wires.
Another mistake is to rule out the possibility of failure of the fuel injector itself, the cylinder or the PCM.
Also, mechanics often don't look at other error codes that appear along with the P0301 code. If you do not resolve all present errors, this may cause the P0301 code to appear again.
How to diagnose and reset error codes?
In addition to the instrument panel, in Lada Kalina you can diagnose a controller that monitors the functioning of a specific electronic component of the LADA Kalina car. For example, the Bosch-ME-7.9.7 controller is capable of informing about the presence of an engine error. Reference books or a special program will help you decipher the meanings of the codes. Mechanics remember the interpretation of all codes by heart, but beginners and owners with a similar desire have only to step on the path of an amateur diagnostician.
More specifically about some code examples:
- error “0441” indicates a malfunction of the oxygen sensor;
- code “1602” will indicate a loss of voltage in the ECU power circuit;
- error “0363” will inform you about a coil failure.
What repairs can fix the P0301 code?
- Replacing damaged spark plugs
- Replacing worn or damaged spark plug wires and/or ignition coils
- Repair or replace clogged EGR pipes and/or valve
- Replacing burnt valves
- Repairing Vacuum Leaks
- Repairing or replacing a damaged cylinder head gasket
- Replacing a faulty camshaft position sensor
- Replacing a faulty crankshaft position sensor
- Replacing a faulty air flow sensor
- Replacing a faulty oxygen sensor
- Replacing a faulty throttle position sensor
- Replacing a faulty fuel injector
- Replacing a faulty catalytic converter
- Elimination of all present errors
- Replacing the ignition distributor cap and slider (if equipped), as well as wires, spark plugs and ignition coils
- If necessary, repair faulty internal engine components
- Engine replacement (if cylinder is damaged)
- In rare cases, replacing or reprogramming the PCM
Additional comments for troubleshooting P0301
To quickly determine whether the problem is a faulty ignition wire or coil, you must move the wire and/or ignition coil to a different cylinder. If the error code appears again, it is a sign that a worn or damaged ignition wire and/or coil is causing the cylinder to misfire.
When eliminating a misfire error, it is necessary to replace all spark plugs. If you replace the spark plug only in the cylinder that is misfiring, it may cause other cylinders to misfire. It is also very important to eliminate any errors present.
It is imperative to make sure that the spark plug has the correct gap using a gap gauge. If the spark plug is not properly gapped, it can cause the cylinder to misfire. Typically, car manufacturers provide spark plug specifications. These characteristics can be found on a label under the hood of the car or obtained from any auto parts store for your car.
Error p0363 VAZ 2107
Error p0363 VAZ 2107
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When error P0300 occurs
The P0300 code appears when the problem is related to the ignition. The error code can be determined in the range P0300-P0312. The code values directly depend on the number of cylinders and the malfunction in each of them. For example, error code 0301 indicates a misfire in the first cylinder, and so on. When checking with a scanner, it will display a warning message about random multiple misfires on the cylinders. If the error is indicated as 0300, the problem is general sparking.
Error code on display
Nevertheless, it is the 300th code that is recorded by the scanner only when there is a failure in sparking in several cylinders at once. The failure is not stored in memory instantly, but only 210 seconds after the next operation at idle; at medium speeds, the error rate should be no less than once every 75 seconds. In this case, an ignition error in several cylinders is indexed only when more than 3.25% of all flashes are missed. If a specific cylinder is to blame, then we will see another version of this code - 0301, 0302 or 0303, if we are dealing with a three-cylinder Daewoo Matiz engine.
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