What cars are suitable for bolt pattern 5 108; AutoTop

How discs are marked

Each disc has an individual marking indicating:

•number of holes for mounting to the hub;

•diameter of a conventional circle passing through the axes of these holes;

Wheel rim bolt pattern compatibility table

Let's look at an example of full marking 9JX16 Н2 5/112 ET 35 D 66.6

9 – disk width (in inches);

J – designation indicating that the disk is intended for a one-wheel drive car (wheels for all-wheel drive vehicles are designated by two letters JJ);

X – disc manufacturing method (cast);

16 – installation diameter (in inches);

H2 – marking indicating the number of annular protrusions holding the tubeless tire (2);

5/112 – number of mounting holes/diameter of the circle on which they are located (bolt pattern);

ET 35 – disc offset value (in millimeters);

D 66.6 – diameter of the central (hub) hole of the disk.

Where to look at the disc markings and what they mean

What is wheel bolt pattern?

The wheel rim marking is applied directly to the wheel and can be located:

• on the front side
• on the reverse side
• on the rim (extremely rare)

The preferred location for the marking is the back side of the disc, since additional symbols do not spoil the appearance.

Marking location

The marking is applied in accordance with the uniform standards of the European Union UN/ECE 124.

For example, the marking has the following parameters: 7.5J x 15 H2 5x100 ET 40 DIA 54.1. This means that:

1. The rim width (distance between the edges of the rim) of the disc is 7.5 inches. This parameter is taken into account when choosing a tire.
2. Rim edge shape J. The parameter is determined in accordance with the radius of curvature of the rim, the shape of the contour, the height and angle of inclination of the shelves. Other modifications may be found on other vehicles:

• R
• D
• B
• K
• JK
• JJ and so on

1. The mounting diameter (15 inches in the example) determines the radius of the disk. This parameter must fully correspond to the diameter of the tire.
2. There are annular projections (H2) on both sides of the rim. Other vehicles may have:

• one projection (H)
• Flat lugs (FH)
• asymmetrical projections (AN) and so on

1. The wheel is secured with 5 bolts located on a circle with a diameter of 100 mm.
2. The overhang is 40 mm.
3. The diameter of the hub window is 54.1 mm.

How to determine bolt pattern

Each make and model of car has individual bolt pattern parameters. There are special tables for this, based on which you can select disks.

If it is not possible to use tables, or if your car is not included in them, you can determine the bolt pattern yourself. To do this, we count the number of holes for mounting the disk. The first parameter is there. Determining the diameter of the circle on which the holes are located is a little more difficult.

For disks with 3 holes, measure the distance between the walls of adjacent holes and multiply it by 1.155. The result obtained will be the desired diameter.

For disks with four-point mounting, measure the gap between the walls of opposite holes and multiply it by 1.414.

For five-bolt wheels, measure the distance between the two farthest holes through one, and multiply by 1.701.

Disc overhang size

Offset is one of the most important criteria for selecting wheels. It determines the distance between the vertical axis of symmetry of the disk and the plane of contact between the disk and the hub.

Disk offset occurs:

•positive (the vertical axis of the disk is located behind the mating plane);

•zero (the disk axis is superimposed on the mating plane);

•negative (the disk axis is located in front of the mating plane).

The disc offset parameters are strictly regulated by the vehicle manufacturer and are directly related to the suspension kinematics. A change in the standard overhang value is allowed by no more than 5 mm.

Below are tables indicating the bolt pattern, offset and diameter of the central hole of the disks for popular car models.

What it is

Wheel rim bolt pattern is a list of all wheel parameters that you need to know to select new equipment.

This list includes:

• the number of holes intended for fastening elements (marked with the letters LZ). In most cases, a passenger vehicle has 3 to 6 mounting holes for fixing the wheel, and a freight vehicle has from 12 to 15 pieces. An even number of studs (4 pieces) is available on almost all VAZ cars, with the exception of the Niva and all middle-class models
• distance between mounting holes
• PCD or diameter of the circle along which the holes for fasteners are located
• diameter of the hub (central) window (marking – DIA)
• wheel rim offset degree (ET). Offset is the distance between the plane of contact of the wheel rim with the hub and the plane passing through the center of the cross section of the rim. Depending on the direction of deviation, the offset can be positive or negative

Size indicators

When purchasing a car, especially the first one, the owner rarely thinks about the fact that he should choose wheels carefully. Kits on the market often differ because they are designed for different cars, although there may not be any visible differences.

In order for the selection to be accurate and the wheels to fit the car, a number of sizes are taken into account. If there is an error in determining one of them, the disks will not be installed, but even if successful, operation of the machine will become unsafe. Before measuring the bolt pattern, you should understand what is included in it. Among the main sizes:

American cars

The Ford brand equips quite a few of its models with 4×108 hubs. This is especially noticeable for European-assembled cars assembled in the USA, which often have a different bolt pattern. Below are models that have such wheels (European assembly):

• Ford Cougar;
• Ford Cortina;
• Ford Fiesta;

There are not many cars here with such a bolt pattern, and almost none of them are new. This indicates a desire to unify models. 4×108 hubs have the following models:

• Audi-80 Quattro;
• Audi-80 (1986);
• Audi-100 (1992).

As you can see, the list is minimal and mainly applies to fairly old cars. Apart from Audi, German manufacturers do not use such a bolt pattern.

How to measure yourself

It’s possible to find out the bolt pattern yourself; this is possible with a ruler (preferably a caliper). They measure the distance between the windows, and the ruler has an error because it does not take into account the bend. You can take measurements in several ways, which are combined for greater accuracy.

Adjacent holes

This parameter is determined taking into account the indicator of the circle where the central part of the slot made for the mounting bolts is located. The diameter can be easily calculated using a ruler, although a compatibility table has been developed for popular cars. If a ruler is used, then the distance between adjacent bolts is measured in a straight line.

The resulting figure is multiplied by a coefficient determined by the number of holes in the disk. It should be said right away that the transverse circumference of VAZ cars is standardized at 98 mm, and in Niva it is 139.7 mm. The coefficients are as follows:

Far windows

Instead of nearby holes, you can determine the bolt pattern even with a ruler with minimal error, using distant windows. The easiest way to measure wheels is if there is an even number of bolts - 4,6,8. The length of a straight line drawn between opposite holes will indicate the required value.

If there are 5 bolts on the disk, the distance between holes that are not adjacent is measured. The resulting figure is multiplied by a coefficient of 1.051, which gives the most accurate PCD result.

Hub window diameter

The hub center window size is specified in the bolt pattern charts and the complete bolt pattern formula mentioned below. Even if there is no ready-made information at hand, the results can be easily obtained with a ruler or a more accurate caliper. For example, the window diameter in the VAZ model 2110 is made at 58.6 mm.

It is not always possible to measure this indicator due to the irregular shape; Daewoo Nexia has such in its pre-restyling body.

In addition to the listed characteristics, disc offset is also important. It refers to the location of the vertical axes of symmetry of the wheel in relation to the point of alignment with the hub. The offset can be negative, as well as zero or positive, but even if the selection for it was unsuccessful, the disk can be installed. This is undesirable, because the car’s suspension will begin to function incorrectly and will greatly impair driving safety.

What is the danger

How to find out the bolt pattern of wheel rims: measurement rules and compatibility table
Using tires that do not match the size of the vehicle design can lead to:

• to the formation of errors in measurements of instruments such as speedometer and odometer. The pattern of measuring these devices is as follows: the larger the width of the wheel installed on the vehicle, the greater the maximum speed of the vehicle and the less dynamics of its acceleration and vice versa
• to the occurrence of breakdowns. Larger wheels can lead to steering failure and failure of some components. Broken suspension or problems with the steering wheel can also cause a traffic accident.
• to losing a wheel while driving, which can cause harm not only to your own car, but also to other road users
• to decrease/increase clearance. Installing smaller diameter rims may cause damage to the vehicle due to constant contact with curbs. Increased ground clearance causes additional fuel consumption

Thus, the use of larger or smaller rims will lead to a decrease in the overall level of safety during vehicle operation and a reduction in the service life of the equipment.

About the bolt pattern of VAZ wheel rims (4x98 and 4x100)

First, let's figure out what the bolt pattern of VAZ 4x98 and 4x100 wheels means.

If you do the math, the distance between the bolts with a bolt pattern of 4x98 will be 69.3mm, and with a bolt pattern of 4x100 - 70.7mm. That is, the difference is 1.4mm. There are errors everywhere, including in the bolt pattern, but the difference is 1.4mm. does not allow ideal installation of wheels with a 4×100 bolt pattern on a VAZ.

How to install 4×100 wheels on a VAZ

The simplest method is to simply tighten the disk onto regular elongated bolts, or even just 3 bolts instead of 4. This method is not safe, so it is better to avoid it. A more popular method for installing 4x100 disks on a VAZ is to use bolts with an eccentric or with an offset center. Sets of such non-standard bolts can be easily found in online stores. The third option is to use studs, for example from the cylinder head of a VAZ 2108, which are screwed into the hubs, and the disk itself is tightened with nuts, for example, from a Niva (see also Installing studs). It is also possible to use spacers that you can make yourself. Or buy ready-made ones. It is worth considering that the width of the spacer must be at least 20mm, therefore the wheel offset will increase by the same amount. As an option, use discs with a short offset to compensate for the offset of the spacers. If you have a lathe, you can make 4x100 holes in the disc hub. Thus, it becomes possible to install 4×98 or 4×100 wheels according to your choice. If wheels are installed incorrectly on a VAZ with a 4×100 bolt pattern, vibrations may appear at speed, and with sudden braking, death may occur, so before installation, first of all, think about safety! By the way, do you know what tires and wheels are suitable for the VAZ 2110? xn--2111-43da1a8c.xn--p1ai

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Bolt pattern formulas

To accurately determine whether the kit and car make are compatible, bolt pattern formulas are used that indicate the parameters of the disks. There are abbreviated and full values, but absolutely all parameters are indicated only in the latter.

Full

This formula is used by disc manufacturers who apply the appropriate markings to their products. It looks like: 8Jx15 H2 4x100 ET0 D54.1 and for an inexperienced car owner it is a random set of numbers and letters. In fact, each parameter can be deciphered:

The diameter and width of the wheel rim are indicated in inches, while other characteristics are reflected in millimeters.

Abbreviated

The abbreviated digital characteristic is simplified; it contains only two indicators. the 4x98 formula reflects that the wheel has 4 bolts located along a 100 mm circumference. This is the standard bolt pattern of the VAZ 2110; other cars also have circles from 100 to 139.7.

Before purchasing wheels, measure the hub. There may be no differences, for example, a disk with a 98-th circle will visually fit on a hub with a diameter of 100. In practice, such a disk will not fit tightly to the hub, the wheel will be skewed, and safety will be at risk.

Features of the VAZ

Many car enthusiasts are interested in the question of what wheel bolt pattern is on domestic VAZ cars.

Here PCD is standard - 4*98. But such a bolt pattern has one big disadvantage - there is no room for flight of fancy and the possibility of choosing a more unique disc.

At the same time, “next door” there is a PCD standard - 4*100, where the choice of disks is much wider. So is it possible to take a risk with a replacement? As we have already mentioned, with standard tightening methods this is unacceptable, because even a small error will not allow the screws to be properly tightened.

There are car enthusiasts who take certain risks. They use longer screws or do not tighten one of them at all. But this is dangerous - such methods can lead to serious consequences (including road accidents).

To install 4*100 wheels on VAZ cars, you can use special bolts with an offset center or an eccentric (they are easy to find in car stores or on the Internet).

In addition, studs from the VAZ 2108 cylinder head type are often used.

The peculiarity of the installation is that the studs are screwed directly into the hub, and the disc is tightened with the help of other nuts (you can “borrow” it from Niva).

Another option is to bore a hole in the hub. In this case, it will be possible to install disks with different PCD bolt patterns - 4*100 or 4*98.

What cars have a 4×108 bolt pattern? Great list

In spring and autumn, you can often hear the question of which cars have a 4x108 bolt pattern. This knowledge will make it easier to select rims for your car. If you buy wheels with a different rating, you will either not put them on the car at all, or the bolts will not fit correctly. Which will lead to the risk of cutting them when moving. Experienced car enthusiasts prefer to take wheels with the manufacturer's recommended rating. You can clarify this data in special literature, as well as in service books. Already knowing what kind of hubs are on your car, go to a specialized store and buy the wheels that best suit your car. Which cars have a 4x108 bolt pattern? To answer this question, you must first understand what these numbers mean and why the car enthusiast needs their knowledge. In this case, the indicator “4” indicates four holes for bolts. They are located along a diameter of 108 mm. The number of bolts must match, otherwise you simply will not be able to fit the disc. The diameter has some assumptions; it is quite possible to install wheels with an indicator of 106 or 110 mm. You can also use various spacers, but in this case, the risk of breakage will increase significantly. In addition to this, there are other indicators, but they are less significant in practice. This bolt pattern is not the most popular among automakers, so the chance that you will purchase such a car is not very high. Most often, such wheels are found on American cars. American cars The Ford brand equips quite a few of its models with 4×108 hubs. This is especially noticeable for European-assembled cars assembled in the USA, which often have a different bolt pattern. Below are models that have such wheels (European assembly):

These are the models that are being produced now, all of them have such a bolt pattern. But, there are cars that were produced earlier and had the same hubs:

German cars There are not many cars here with such a bolt pattern, and almost none of them are fresh. This indicates a desire to unify models. 4×108 hubs have the following models:

As you can see, the list is minimal and mainly applies to fairly old cars. Apart from Audi, German manufacturers do not use such a bolt pattern. French manufacturers Here you can find wheels with such indicators much more often. Many popular models are equipped with such hubs. Citroen has a fairly diverse list; here you can see the following cars:

Most of these models are not very popular here, but you can find them. Peugeot also presents a large list of models that have a similar bolt pattern:

All these models are quite popular in our country and are found everywhere. Perhaps these are the most popular machines with this bolt diameter. Other models. Among other manufacturers, models with such a bolt pattern are quite rare. But at the same time, they can be found almost everywhere. The Swedes put such wheels on the Saab 9000. Of the earlier models, but still found, we can mention the Saab 900, produced from 1988 to 1992. The Japanese have such hubs on the Mazda 121 (1996 model year). You can also mention the Volvo 850, some modifications of this model had a bolt pattern of 4×108. Spacers Sometimes you hear questions about what to do if the wheel rims do not align with the hub mounting holes. For such a case, there are special spacers. They are installed on the hub, and the disk is already attached to them. Let's look at how this works. Let's say your hub has 4x108, and the disc has a spread of 4x98. Of course, such wheels will not voluntarily fit on a car. To install, we purchase a spacer with mounting on a 4×108 hub; the holes on it must correspond to 4×108. When installing, please note that the use of such a device significantly reduces the reliability of the structure. Conclusion. Automakers are increasingly striving to unify some design elements. Therefore, more and more often they are moving to certain standards that simplify machine maintenance. But this process is far from complete. And the question of which cars have a 4x108 bolt pattern is still relevant. In fact, there are few such models, and most of the cars with this indicator are far from new. AutoFlit.ru

List of cars with a million-dollar engine. Read and envy

In the opinion of most car enthusiasts, a list of cars with a million-dollar engine is decisive evidence in the dispute about whose cars can be considered the most reliable. Legendary models are put forward as indisputable arguments in the battles between supporters of European and Japanese cars. Fans of the “Americans” often get involved in the dispute. Even if none of the debaters have ever seen such a car, the main thing is to know that it exists. Or at least once existed. The dreams and legends of a car that never breaks down and can run further than you can imagine will never die. However, these dreams cannot be called completely groundless: mythical cars, whose engines have an estimated mileage of 1 million km, were actually produced. We have not found a single reliable evidence that any of them actually covered the planned distance, but after 600-700 thousand km you can be absolutely sure. The list of cars with a million-dollar engine is actually not so small. There was a time period when the desire to equip cars with an indestructible engine spread almost throughout the world. Some companies stuck with this idea until the new millennium. BMW family If we compare the number of models capable of running the maximum distance without major repairs, then the Bavarians can be considered the winners. At different times, they gave the world several models designed for millions of kilometers. The automaker equipped its cars 5-7 models with the BMW M30 engine from 1968 to 1994. Engine volumes were different, from 2.5 to 3.4 liters, producing 150-220 horses. Reliability was ensured by a simple design, and half a million BMWs of those years ran without difficulty. And they often did not reach the ordered result not because of the engines, but because of difficulties with rear-wheel drive. The next version - the BMW M50 - was somewhat inferior in power to the previous one (maximum 192 hp with a volume of 2.5 liters) and lived a slightly shorter life: from 1992 to 1997, but in terms of reliability it still proudly held the banner, and a mileage of 500-600 thousand km for these engines was considered something ordinary. BMW M57: in-line 6-cylinder, with a power of 201-268 hp, installed on almost all models born in 1998-2008, from 3 to 7 series. It was also supplied to the off-road legend - the Range Rover.BMW M60 (this is already a V8) was installed on 5 and 7 in 1992-1998. An innovation in it was the installation of nikasil cylinders, which had extremely high hardness and were considered virtually non-wearable. True, fragility and intolerance to sulfur inclusions in the fuel were added to the characteristics, so the version was discontinued and Nikasil was replaced with alusil. The most successful option for the Germans was, perhaps, the M57. But even with it, cars have long since disappeared from the race. Japanese proposals Millionaires were produced by different companies and at different times. Some concerns started even earlier than the Bavarians - and also stopped producing cars with such engines earlier. Toyota turned out to be the most prolific. The Toyota 3S-FE series engine was installed in 1986-2000. on Camry (the last one came out in 1991), Celica T200, Carina (this one survived right up to 1998), Corona T170 / T190, Avensis (long-lived: with such an engine it was produced back in 2000), RAV4 (can also be found in 2000) , Picnic (there is even a 2002 model with the above engine). The engine was especially good at its high tolerance to poor maintenance with high loads and good maintainability. Toyota 1JZ-GE and 2JZ-GE engines are truly a legend. Years of life – 1990-2007; They were equipped, in particular, with Mark II, Crown, Soarer, Chaser, Supra and the Americans Lexus Is 300, GS300. A million kilometers on them is a recorded fact. The million-dollar Mitsubishi 4G63 engines appeared in 1982, and varieties are still found today, not only in native models, but also in Kia and Hyundai products, although whether they can be called million-dollar engines is a question. Only naturally aspirated versions are considered capable of covering 1 million km. The latest model released is Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution IX 2006. The next “Japanese” with a long service life is the Honda D-series. The engine had a long line of varieties: volumes varied between 1.2 and 1.7 liters. The engines were produced in 1984-2005. They were supplied with HR-V, Civic, Stream, Acura Integra, Accord. Related articles:

• “How to decipher a Japanese car auction sheet”;
• “How to determine the year of manufacture of a Japanese car.”

To be honest, the list of cars with a million-dollar engine is interesting rather hypothetically.
Calculations at the level of school arithmetic show that with an average annual mileage of 25 thousand km, the service life of the engine will be exhausted in 40 years. During this time, all the filling will fall out in the car, even if the engine honestly continues to pull. In addition, the same statistics show that in Europe and Japan people prefer not to keep a car for more than 5 years, and this period is decreasing every year. Probably, all this together led to the cessation of production of cars with such a resourceful engine. AutoFlit.ru

Bolt tables

Calculating the bolt pattern is rarely used, because there are compatibility tables. The driver needs to find a table for a specific model and look at the parameters for it. They include all popular cars used in Russia.

This table does not contain all the bolt patterns, because there are many more cars. You need to look for the bolt pattern yourself for a specific car, this will help you accurately select the wheels.

Additionally! If the discs are still selected incorrectly, they can be processed by widening the hub window and changing the locations of the holes for the bolts. This is very difficult to do; in most cases, attempts end not only in disk damage, but also in accidents.

The disc bolt pattern is extremely important, because if it is selected incorrectly, the suspension will not work as it should and the car may get into an accident. To make an accurate choice, they focus on several indicators, including the diameter of the hub, the number of holes, and the size of the circle. There are also bolt patterns that will allow you to quickly select a set of wheels compatible with your car.

French manufacturers

Here you can find wheels with such indicators much more often. Many popular models are equipped with such hubs. Citroen has a fairly diverse list; here you can see the following cars:

• Citroen ZX;
• Citroen BX;
• Citroen Xsara;
• Citroen Visa;
• Citroen Saxo.

Most of these models are not very popular here, but you can find them. Peugeot also presents a large list of models that have a similar bolt pattern:

• Peugeot 106;
• Peugeot 206;
• Peugeot 306;
• Peugeot 205;
• Peugeot 307;
• Peugeot Partner;
• Peugeot 309.

All these models are quite popular in our country and are found everywhere. Perhaps these are the most popular machines with such a bolt diameter.

List of cars with timing chain drive. You need to know this

There is a category of potential car owners who are interested in a list of cars with a timing chain drive. Some people are interested in this before buying a car, others are interested simply out of curiosity. The time when only a chain served as a rotation transmission link from the crankshaft to the distribution mechanism in the cylinder head is long gone. After the advent of high-quality timing belts, they began to gradually forget about it. But there are still a huge number of cars with it running on the roads of different countries of the world. The list of cars with a timing chain drive will also be useful for those who categorically refuse to use such cars. Belt drives, like chain drives, have their own advantages and disadvantages, knowledge of which will help you decide on the final choice of timing drive. The purpose of this article was not to advertise something; it is purely for informational purposes, so that car owners and everyone who is interested in it would understand what it is. About the features of using a chain Probably, there are still drivers who do not quite understand the purpose of this link in the mechanism gas distribution. In order to make the purpose of the circuit in it more clear, let's remember the principle of operation of automobile engines. The working cylinder, after being filled with the working mixture, is not yet ready for its ignition. Before this, the air-fuel mixture is compressed by the movement of the piston to top dead center. The compression ratio of modern cars is 12 units or more, which means that the working volume of the cylinder is reduced several times. After ignition, gases from the burned air-fuel mixture push the piston to bottom dead center. In order for these gases to leave the volume of the working cylinder, the piston moves upward again. At this time, the exhaust valve opens to allow exhaust gases to pass into the system for removing them from the working cylinder. This entire cycle is possible thanks to the transmission of rotational motion from the crankshaft to the camshaft. Chain drive cars

Advantages and disadvantages Cars with such a mechanism are used among taxi drivers and drivers who want to save money on the maintenance of their cars. If we talk about the advantages of such a mechanism, the following facts should be noted:

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